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Permalink uraniaproject: Deep Space The Leo Triplet –- a group of three spiral galaxies located 35 million light years away photographed on April 4, 2011. They are disc-like galaxies like our own Milky Way, containing billions of stars with bright knots of gas and dark, dusty lanes which trace spiral patterns where new stars are formed. The galaxy on the left is seen edge-on, much as we view our own galaxy, the Milky Way. Image: Leo Triplet © Edward Henry.
Permalink the-star-stuff: Aurora Facts THE AURORA has a curtain-like shape, and the altitude of its lower edge is sixty or seventy miles, about ten times higher than a jet aircraft flies. AURORAS OCCUR along ring-shaped regions around the north and south geomagnetic poles. Fairbanks, Alaska, is a good place for aurora watching because it is under this region in the north. where people see aurora borealis, or northern lights: the southern aurora is aurora australis. LIKE A NEON SIGN, auroral light is produced by a high-vacuum electrical discharge. It is powered by interactions between the sun and earth. The light is glow from atoms and molecules in the earth’s upper atmosphere. THE SUN IS a ball of gases that is so hot its outermost part blows away as the solar wind. Consisting of charged particles. this tenuous gas travels to earth in about three days. Because the earth’s magnetic field prevents the solar wind from penetrating our atmosphere, its solar particles stream around our planet, encasing earth and its magnetic field within a comet-shaped cavity called the magnetosphere. THE SOLAR WIND powers the gigantic electrical discharge process, causing the magnetosphere to behave as a generator that produces up to ten million megawatts of electrical power. THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE contains, at the lower edge of the aurora, a thin and partly ionized layer called the ionosphere. Reflected by the ionosphere, radiowaves can propagate great distances by bouncing between it and the ground. AURORAL DISPLAYS INDICATE that the ionosphere and our protective atmosphere are being energized by the electric power generated in the magnetosphere. As these electrical currents are discharged in the ionosphere. many phenomena are produced including the visible emissions we recognize as the aurora and magnetic storms AURORAS ARE SIMILAR to color television images. In the picture tube, a beam of electrons controlled by electric and magnetic fields strikes the screen, making it glow in colors that vary with the screen’s phosphor. Auroral color depends on the type of atoms and molecules struck by the energetic particles, particularly electrons, that rain down along earth’s magnetic field lines in the discharge process. Each atmospheric gas glows with a specific color, depending on whether it is ionized or neutral, and on the energy of the particle hitting the atoms and air molecules. THE BRIGHTEST and most common auroral color. a brilliant yellow-green, is produced by oxygen atoms at roughly 60 miles altitude. High-altitude oxygen atoms (about 200 miles) produce rare, all-red auroras. Ionized nitrogen molecules produce blue light; neutral nitrogen molecules create purplish-red lower borders and ripple edges. AURORAL INTENSITY varies from night to night and during a single night, with best viewing usually from late evening through the early morning hours. Strong auroras can be seen in the continental U.S., particularly in the north during sunspot maximum years. The number of sunspots (a sign of solar activity) varies according to an eleven-year cycle: a few years after a maximum sunspot year (such as 1991), auroras in high-latitude are more numerous. There’s also a slight tendency for more auroras in spring and fall. THE MAGNETOSPHERE protects us from direct effects of the solar wind, but auroras can seriously disrupt radio communications, radio navigation. some defense-related radar systems, and power transmission lines. Current created by changing magnetic fields accompanying aurora causes corrosion in pipes, including the trans-Alaska pipeline.
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Permalink teplanets: Near Total Eclipse of the sun heart !
Permalink keepcalmandklingon: The Mars Society is a lobbyist group dedicated to colonizing Mars, of which I’m a proud member (for students, it’s $25 a year, if you’re interested). Ideally, Mars could undergo terraformation to a livable point within the next 100 years or so. The Red Planet’s surface is rich in CO2 - if this could be released, we could trigger a greenhouse effect, creating an environment suitable for autotrophs like arctic algae, which could withstand the planet’s cold temperature, and ultimately other organisms like ourselves. This could be done in a myriad of ways, the most resourceful of which would be the construction of giant Mylar mirrors in space to direct the Sun’s light at the planet to heat it and release the CO2 (once the planet is suitable for human life, these same mirrors could be used as solar panels to power our colony). The planet’s temperature would rise, subsequently melting its ice caps, providing water resources. Mars is the perfect candidate for terraforming because it’s close enough to the Sun to experience seasons. It has an axial tilt at about 25 degrees, close to Earth’s 23.5. It has a solar day of about 24 hours and 40 minutes, compared to Earth’s 23 hours and 56 minutes. The primary issues we face are the low oxygen content of Mars’s atmosphere and its low temperature, both of which can be combatted in triggering a greenhouse effect, and low atmospheric pressure (sadly, it’s only about 1% of Earth’s). Though we’d need to live in pressurized spacesuits for decades, perhaps even centuries, before we could exist with only a rebreather waiting for the greenhouse effect to alter the atmosphere, we can import hydrocarbons to speed up the process.
Permalink The Cat’s Paw Nebula (NGC 6334) is a vast region of star formation. This new portrait of NGC 6334 was created from images taken with the Wide Field Imager instrument at the 2.2-metre MPG/ESO telescope at the La Silla Observatory in Chile, combining images taken through blue, green and red filters, as well as a special filter designed to let through the light of glowing hydrogen. NGC 6334 lies about 5500 light-years from Earth in the constellation of Scorpius. The whole gas cloud is about 50 light-years across.
Permalink cwnl: Colorful Fireball, Smoke Trail, Meteor Storm Returning from orbit, space shuttles enter the atmosphere at about 8 kilometers per second as friction heats their protective ceramic tiles to over 1,400 degrees Celsius. By contrast, the bits of comet dust which became the Leonid meteors seen on November 2001, were moving at 70 kilometers per second, completely vaporizing at altitudes of around 100 kilometers. In this single 5 minute time exposure, three Leonid meteors are shooting through skies above Spruce Knob, West Virginia, USA. Credit & Copyright: Jerry Lodriguss
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Permalink eraofstars: The Horsehead Nebula, Martin Pugh 
Permalink boyastronomer: Giant Molecular Cloud NGC 7822 in the constellation Cepheus, the king.
Permalink whathaveme: This is the best Eclipse photo ever. July 22, 2009, brought the longest total solar eclipse that Earth will witness in the 21st century. Visible within a narrow band snaking across Asia and the Pacific Ocean, the totality of the eclipse lasted up to six minutes and 39 seconds, a duration that will not be surpassed until 2132. At Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands, where the first hydrogen bomb was tested by the U.S. in 1952, the totality lasted more than five and a half minutes. Miloslav Druckmüller, a mathematician at the Brno University of Technology in the Czech Republic, and his colleagues were on Enewetak as the eclipse’s shadow raced toward them from the northwest at more than twice the speed of sound. This composite of 31 images from the eclipse shows the solar corona, the wispy “atmosphere” of the sun peeking out from behind the moon as well as the cratered, rayed surface of the moon itself. Source
Permalink lookatthesefuckinstars: Close-Up of the Lagoon
Permalink From Astronomy Picture Of The Day; July 31, 2011: Metal on the Plains of Mars Mars Exploration Rover Mission, JPL, NASA What has the Opportunity rover found on Mars? While traversing a vast empty plain in 2005 in Meridiani Planum, one of Earth’s rolling robots on Mars found a surprise when visiting the location of its own metallic heat shield discarded last year during descent. The surprise is the rock visible on the lower left, found to be made mostly of dense metals iron and nickel. The large cone-shaped object behind it — and the flank piece on the right — are parts of Opportunity’s jettisoned heat shield. Smaller shield debris is also visible. Scientists do not think that the basketball-sized metal “Heat Shield Rock” originated on Mars, but rather is likely an ancient metallic meteorite. In hindsight, finding a meteorite in a vast empty dust plain on Mars might be considered similar to Earth meteorites found on the vast empty ice plains of Antarctica. The finding raises speculations about the general abundance of rocks on Mars that have fallen there from outer space.